Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) from Sentinel-5P Imageries Using Google Earth Engine during the COVID-19 Social Restriction Policy in Jakarta
1. Research question / problem statement This study investigates how nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) levels in Jakarta changed spatially and temporally during the COVID-19 social restriction period using Sentinel-5P satellite data and Google Earth Engine.
2. Motivation / relevance The research is motivated by the need to evaluate how reduced human mobility affects urban air pollution during the pandemic.
3. Theoretical framework Grounded in remote sensing and atmospheric monitoring theory, the study applies spatio-temporal analysis using tropospheric NO₂ data from Sentinel-5P processed in Google Earth Engine.
4. Method The authors collected Sentinel-5P data before and during the pandemic, applied quality filtering, calculated monthly means, and visualized pollution changes through maps and time-series plots.
5. Results / arguments The results show significant decreases in NO₂ concentrations during social restrictions, especially in industrial and transportation-dense regions.
6. Conclusions The study concludes that Sentinel-5P data effectively capture air quality changes, demonstrating how reduced human activities improve atmospheric conditions.
7. Your own opinion This paper is directly relevant to my research because it integrates remote sensing and spatio-temporal analysis using Google Earth Engine. Its framework could be extended to study the relationship between air quality and respiratory diseases.
Air Quality Dynamics in the Vicinity of PT. Semen Padang, Padang City, Indonesia: Insights from Sentinel-5P Data during 2023
1. Research question / problem statement The study explores the spatial and temporal dynamics of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations around PT. Semen Padang using Sentinel-5P data to assess the environmental impact of industrial emissions.
2. Motivation / relevance The research is motivated by the need to understand how industrial operations influence regional air quality and how remote sensing supports emission monitoring.
3. Theoretical framework This study applies principles of atmospheric dispersion and environmental remote sensing, analyzing NO₂ satellite data within a geospatial framework.
4. Method Sentinel-5P NO₂ data for 2023 were processed using Google Earth Engine. The study compared NO₂ concentrations between dry and wet seasons and visualized spatial pollution hotspots. 5. Results / arguments Higher NO₂ levels were observed near industrial zones during dry months, suggesting seasonal and activity-based variation in air pollution.
6. Conclusions The paper concludes that Sentinel-5P provides useful data for monitoring industrial emissions and supporting local environmental management strategies.
7. Your own opinion This study demonstrates the potential of integrating satellite data with industrial activity patterns. Its approach could be adapted for analyzing pollution sources in other Indonesian regions such as Tulungagung.
Air Quality and COVID-19 Transmission Potential on Java Island
1. Research question / problem statement The paper analyzes the correlation between air quality indicators (PM₂.₅, SO₂, and NO₂) and the potential transmission of COVID-19 across Java Island during the pandemic.
2. Motivation / relevance The research highlights the growing concern about how air pollution affects respiratory diseases and viral transmission in densely populated areas.
3. Theoretical framework Grounded in environmental epidemiology, the framework connects air pollution exposure to human respiratory health outcomes.
4. Method The authors used a combination of BMKG ground monitoring data and satellite observations. Regression analysis was applied to determine the association between pollutant levels and COVID-19 daily cases.
5. Results / arguments The findings indicate a positive correlation between increasing NO₂ concentration and COVID-19 case numbers in several provinces of Java.
6. Conclusions Air pollution is suggested as a contributing factor to the spread and severity of respiratory infections.
7. Your own opinion This paper strengthens the public health relevance of air quality studies and supports integrating health data (such as ISPA) into environmental analysis.
Variation of Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions during Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in West Java Province using Sentinel-5P Data
1. Research question / problem statement The study investigates variations in nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) emissions across West Java Province during the PSBB period using Sentinel-5P satellite imagery.
2. Motivation / relevance The paper aims to assess how social restriction policies affect industrial and transportation-related air pollution.
3. Theoretical framework The framework combines greenhouse gas emission analysis with remote sensing techniques to detect atmospheric changes.
4. Method Sentinel-5P data from March to July 2020 were analyzed in Google Earth Engine to generate spatial maps and temporal trends of NO₂ concentration.
5. Results / arguments A notable decrease in NO₂ levels was found in urban centers such as Bandung and Bekasi, corresponding to reduced mobility and industrial activity.
6. Conclusions Social policies like PSBB can significantly improve short-term air quality, as satellite data clearly capture these emission changes.
7. Your own opinion This study provides a practical example of using satellite data to observe air quality policy impacts. Its visualization approach can serve as a model for regional air pollution classification studies.
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